Bluetooth LE ============ `Bluetooth Low Energy `_ (BLE) protocol is an integral part of the smart tech and used widely in home, lifestyle, health care and enterprise IoT products. .. note:: All plugins requires root privileges to run as of now as it needs scan capabilities. ble.generic.enum ---------------- This test is used to enumerate the services and/or characteristics of the BLE devices. **Usage details:** .. code-block:: console ef> run ble.generic.enum -h **Example:** Scan for Bluetooth LE devices with the default adapter of the system where ``expliot`` is running. .. code-block:: console ef> run ble.generic.enum -a CC:AA:FF:FF:AA:CC -s ble.generic.scan ---------------- This is a generic BLE scanner to get information about BLE peripherals in the vicinity. It performs three different operations: 1. Scan for BLE peripherals around and show their BLE addresses. 2. Enumerate and show the services of a specific BLE peripheral (specified by *-a* or *--addr*) 3. Enumerate and show the characteristics of a specific BLE peripheral (specified by *-a* or *--addr*) The *-v* or *--verbose* option shows more details in the output. Some peripherals may not connect if you have a PUBLIC addressing, in that case it is useful to specify *-r* or *--randaddrtype*. **Usage details:** .. code-block:: console ef> run ble.generic.scan -h **Example:** Scan for Bluetooth LE devices with the default adapter of the system where ``expliot`` is running. .. code-block:: console ef> run blescan [...] [*] Scanning BLE devices for 10 second(s) [+] (name=Unknown)(address=32:12:03:4d:d4:5e) [+] (name=Unknown)(address=b3:04:2e:de:11:fe) [+] Test blescan Passed ble.generic.writechar --------------------- This test is used to write values to a characteristic on a BLE peripheral, provided the device lets you write data on that specific characteristic. Which characteristic to write depends on your analysis of the available characteristics on the BLE peripheral. You can find the characteristics and their corresponding handle using ``ble.generic.scan`` plugin and analyse the BLE communication between the mobile app and the device to identify which characteristic is used for what and what are the valid values that you can write to it. To execute this test, you need to specify the BLE address of the device using *-a* or *--addr* argument and the characteristic handle using *-n* or *--handle* argument. You may use *-s* or *--noresponse* argument if it does not respond with a write request. The *-r* or *--randaddrtype* can be used if the device does not respond, as described above in ``ble.generic.scan``. **Usage details:** .. code-block:: console ef> run ble.generic.writechar -h ble.generic.fuzzchar -------------------- This test is very interesting and the idea came to us while pentesting a BLE device. Given, the capability to write data to characteristics, we can also automate and fuzz the values. These semantics of these values are defined by the developers and may be prone to memory corruption. We have tested this on a few devices and found different results from crash, display changes to DFU mode enable etc. Most of the arguments are the same as ``ble.generic.writechar``. The *-i* or *--iter* is the no. of iterations of writes that you want to do and the *-w* or *--value* which is the value you want to fuzz, you will have to replace the bytes that you want to fuzz with *xx* and only those bytes will be randomized for each iteration. **Usage details:** .. code-block:: console ef> run ble.generic.fuzzchar -h ble.generic.notifychar ---------------------- This plugin allows you to send a notify request for a characteristic, wait for notification data and display the values received from the BLE peripheral devices. **Usage details:** .. code-block:: console ef> run ble.generic.notifychar -h ble.tapplock.unlock ------------------- This is an exploit for Tapplock, a BLE and fingerprint based door Lock. It is a commercially available product that you can purchase from the vendor's website or other famous e-commerce portals. The affected versions have two different implementations for generating the auth code to unlock i.e. either default hardcoded using *-d* or *--default* argument or generate it from the BLE address of the lock. **Usage details:** .. code-block:: console ef> run ble.tapplock.unlock -h